Scoring

This category includes:

• all aspects of animals (including humans) and animal life
• animal life cycles
• animal interactions with one another or with their environment
• cognitions (thought processes)
• emotions
• behavior
• learning of humans and animals.

This category includes:

• Studies of intra- and intercellular pathways
• Involves understanding life and cellular processes specifically at the molecular level.
• Antimicrobial and antibiotic substances

This category includes:

• Studying the chemical basis of processes occurring in living organisms, including the processes by which these substances enter into, or are formed in, the organisms and react with each other and the environment.
• The science of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter.
• The study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of materials. 

This category includes:

• development and advancement of computer science and mathematics as they relate to biological systems.
• use of machine intelligence is paramount to reducing the reliance on human intervention 
• development of software, information processes or methodologies to demonstrate, analyze, or control a process/solution.
• measurement, properties, and relationships of quantities and sets, using numbers and symbols, geometry, and various abstract constructs or structures.
• involving electrical systems in which information is conveyed via signals and waveforms for purposes of enhancing communications, control, and/or sensing. 

This category includes:

• Analysis of existing conditions of the environment and developing innovative solutions that respond to changing environmental conditions. 
• scientific and mathematical principles involving the production and/or storage of energy to practical ends such as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and economical machines and systems. 
• Studies of the environment and its effect on organisms/systems, including investigations of biological processes such as growth and life span, as well as studies of Earth systems and their evolution.
• Earth’s structural features as related to plate structure, plate movement, volcanism, etc.

This category includes:

• Science and engineering solutions that involve dynamic or static movement or structure.
• Integration of materials in systems, devices, and components that rely on their unique and specific properties.
• Materials are categorized across length scales
• Multi-scale modeling and computations for process-structure and structure-property correlations

This category includes:

• Issues of human health and disease
• Studies on the diagnosis, treatment, prevention
• Epidemiology of disease
• Other damage to the human body or mental systems
• Application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes, including diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy.
• Improvement of human health and longevity by translating novel discoveries in the biomedical sciences into effective activities and tools for clinical and public health use.

This category includes:

• Study of matter and energy and of interactions between the two.
• Study of anything in the universe beyond the Earth.
• The study of atoms, simple molecules, electrons, light, and their interactions
• The study of physical properties of light and lasers
• The study of space, the universe as a whole, including its origins and evolution
• The physical properties of objects in space and computational astronomy
• The study of the physics of biological processes and systems
• The study of the properties of solids and liquids.

This category includes:

• All studies of plants and how they live, including structure, physiology, development, and classification.

This category includes:

• The use of technology to ignite new concepts, visualization tools and/or media to enhance our enjoyment of the arts.